Program Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Program Proposal - Essay Example hes to Syndrome X factors ,as were accessible on independent premise, somewhere in the range of 15 years back; Record the current advancement of the all encompassing methodology; List out nutraceuticals that have been acknowledged.; Trace improvements in other nutraceuticals.;Correlate condition X states with nutraceutical cures both as driving medication just as help prescription inside the comprehensive methodology; Have an away from on favorable circumstances of different methodologies state allopathy;Similarly have an away from of weaknesses of different methodologies; Map out administration systems with predefined degrees of seriousness; Train the members in the specialty of balancing and calibrating such procedures relying on the current case; Review clinical phases of acquiring remedially endorsement for nutraceuticals,and study development of law in restorative endorsement. Condition X is a sickness state which has been recognized, in the no so distant past, alongside the group of stars of maladies it includes. The idea is a developing one and is an immeasurably significant idea. Its significance is improved by the way that a huge populace experiences Syndrome X manifestations and has the dread of growing into more infection state in the event that one specific sickness state is overlooked or not sufficiently tended to. Consequently, an upgraded comprehension of the all encompassing conceptualization of condition X would realize a vastly improved way to deal with treatment draws near. A regular methodology is to treat just one of the illness states inside the group of stars of the infection states recognized under condition X and concentrate either way of life put together or allopathy based treatment with respect to this specific methodology. This causes the human services framework to overlook a few different manifestations which may be irritating som ewhere else. As and when these side effects become observable these are again taken up with both of the above methodologies for treatment. It is generally recognized that the standard methodology is to concentrate on allopathic medications with way of life commitments coming just as beneficial

Herpes Simplex Virus

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection at the Molecular Level Research Paper Virology 24 November 2008 Abstract Herpes simplex infection type 1 (HSV-1) contamination is broad and causes huge malady in people. The structure, the study of disease transmission, pathogensis and invulnerable reaction are inspected in this survey, just as explicit approaches to decrease and dispose of pathology and related illnesses. The infection normally contaminates mucosal zones and starts the quest for its objective host cell. After authoritative to the host cell film by means of groups of glycoproteins, the virion is then phagocytosed.Soon the core is seized and all ordinary host cell instruments are stopped. Replication of HSV-1 is explicit encoding quick early, early and late qualities. When the infection replication process is finished the infection exits epithelial cells close to the site of disease through a procedure known as cell lysis. Tactile neurons are the particular objective of HSV-1, whe re it would then be able to go to the trigeminal ganglia (TG) stoma by means of neuronal microtubular systems. Both natural and versatile safe frameworks react to the disease with different antibodies, interleukins and interferons.Once the virion arrives at the sensory system, the insusceptible reactions can't identify it in spite of the fact that they attempt to contain it admirably well. HSV-1 enters an inert stage, normally by means of idle related transcripts, not making pathogenesis yet incapable fend off by methods for the host insusceptible framework. Following a distressing circumstance or likewise UV actuation, HSV-1 goes down nerve filaments to re-contaminate cells close to the first site of disease. This procedure is known to proceed all through the life expectancy of the contaminated individual, ordinarily without fatalities.When the host invulnerable reaction can't contain the infection in the TG, a few related maladies, for example, encephalitis and keratits result. Qu alities associated with infection replication and host qualities, to wipe out the infection, have been moved to cause invert impacts and are presently utilized as antivirals. Albeit no immunization has been endorsed for use against HSV-1, different endeavors have been made. This exploration paper characterizes the infection contamination at an atomic level just as exhibits alterations of the infection qualities to cause turn around impacts and researches only a couple of the sicknesses associated with HSV-1.Introduction Herpes simplex infections type 1 and 2 are notable individuals from the family Herpesviridae, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, which cause long lasting, inactive disease in people. Herpes simplex infection type 1 (HSV-1) ordinarily remains the reason for mouth blisters, gingivostomatitis, and skin sores in the orofacial region, just as numerous uncommon however deadly conditions (1). Herpes simplex infection type 2 (HSV-2) is basically connected with genital region cont amination. Around the world, roughly 33% of individuals show clinical signs of HSV-1 disease (2).HSV-1 is neurotropic, contaminating various cell types however building up dormancy in the trigeminal ganglia (TG). HSV-1 reactivates, in light of specific upgrades, for example, passionate or physical pressure or UV light, and is shipped along nerve strands to mucosal or cutaneous locales (1). Contaminated cells give indications of the core changing shape and nucleolus removal with an arrangement of multinucleated monster cells. Cells degenerate, lyse and vesicles of liquid containing the infection situate between the epidermis and dermal layer of the skin shaping a sore (2).Although HSV-1 taints an enormous level of the populace, few really show manifestations of malady. HSV Structure and Genome HSV-1 is a wrapped twofold abandoned DNA (dsDNA) infection comprising of four components. Initial, an external envelope with glycoprotein spikes on its surface. Second, a covering layer includi ng a few viral proteins significant during HSV-1 disease. Third, an iscosahedral capsid encompassing the last compartment, the electron dark center containing the dsDNA genome wrapped as a spool. The envelope is comprised of 13 diverse viral glycoproteins installed in a lipid bilayer.The viral genome of 152 kb, encode most of the proteins of the develop virion. Covalently connected L (long) and S (short) segments are separated into special long (Ul), flanked by stomach muscle and b’a’ rehashed portions, and novel short (Us), flanked by air conditioning and c’a’ rehashed sections. Homologous recombination between terminal rehashes brings about four straight isomers at equimolar focuses (see figure 1). Every one of the four isomers, including P (model), IL (reversal of the L segment), IS (reversal of the S segment) and ISL (reversal of both the S and the L part), encode 90 interesting translation qualities fundamental for viral replication (3).HSV Replicati on Infection is first initialted by the connection to the host cell glucosaminoglycans, as a rule heparin sulfate and chondroiton sulfate, with viral glycoprotein C (gC). This bond results in at any rate five glycoprtoeins, gB, gC, gD, gH and gL, authoritative to other cell surface receptors, for example, Herpesvirus passage middle person or nectin 1? or then again ? (4). Combination of the viral envelope follows, and the de-encompassed covering capsid is shipped to the atomic pores through the microtubular arrange, where DNA is discharged into the nucleus.Nuclear pore complex acknowledges the viral DNA from the capsid, limiting the dissemination of DNA to the cytoplasm, and the exchange is finished by atomic pore proteins (5). The viral genome circularizes after entering the core, and translation of the five prompt early qualities (IE) is finished by the host RNA polymerase II. Among the IE qualities are ICP0, ICP4, ICP22, ICP27 and ICP47. Host interpretation, RNA joining and trans port are restrained during replication, known as host cell shut off. Early (E) viral qualities encode chemicals in nucleotide digestion and viral DNA replication and require the nearness of IE genes.Viral E quality items, including viral DNA polymerase, single-abandoned DNA-restricting protein, root restricting protein and DNA helicase-primase, collect on the parental viral DNA and start DNA amalgamation in replication compartments. Three DNA replication causes tie by viral source restricting protein, separate the DNA strands and start viral DNA amalgamation. Articulation of the late (L) qualities starts and creates basic parts of the virion. Capsid get together happens in the cytoplasm and the related proteins are then shipped to the nucleus.Progeny DNA concatamers are cut into monomers and are embedded into the capsid. Cleavage and pressing of HSV-1 genome requires two cis-acting components, pac1 and pac2. Next the nucleocapsid develops and departure by going through the Golgi dev ice with the covering layer and the virion envelope. (3) HSV Latency After contamination of the mucosa or epithelial scraped spot, HSV-1 enters tactile neurons close to the site of disease and the covering and nucleocapsid travel by retrograde axonal vehicle to cell neuronal soma discharging viral DNA and VP16, when the infection may enter lytic replication or the inactive state.Lytic replication brings about neuronal cell demise as portrayed previously. (2,3) During dormancy the genome circularizes and enters a vigorously chromatinated state where no irresistible infection is created and most of viral quality articulation is hushed. Inactivity related transcripts (LAT), mRNA qualities, are the main transcripts found in dormant neurons (6). Articulation of LATs isn't completely required for support of inactivity. Reactivation triggers the infection to be moved the other way, antrograde, and re-contamination happens at the underlying site of disease. HSV and the Immune SystemThe invu lnerable reaction to HSV-1 incorporates both natural and versatile safe reactions. Intrinsic insusceptibility is the primary line of protection including normal executioner (NK) cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and different cytokines and supplement proteins. Beginning reaction includes discharged proteins, for example, defensins and supplement proteins. Supplement proteins tie HSV antigens bringing about the cleavage of supplement particles. This, trailed by the arrangement of the film assault complex, pulverizes the infection. HSV gC obstructs the supplement course, checking the impacts of complement.The versatile safe reaction is activated with B cell memory upgraded because of the infection. An antiviral state is actuated by contaminated epithelial cells and inhabitant interferon delivering cells (IPCs), emitting interferon ? furthermore, ? , taking action cells for apoptosis. Tumor corruption factors ? (TNF-? ) is likewise created by IPCs and goes about as an autocrine sign al invigorating separation of ICPs to dendritic cells. They can go to the lymph hubs to invigorate CD4+ T cells to deliver IFN-? also, interleukin 10 (IL-10). After disease and replication, HSV-1 decimates tainted cells and goes to tangible neurons.Polymorphonuclear leukocytes, macrophages, NK and TCR+ T cells penetrate the TG, control the contamination and forestall the spread of the infection to raise by cells, including the cerebrum. The versatile safe reaction is driven by the intrinsic resistant reaction. Antigen introducing cells move from the site of contamination to the territorial lymph hub to introduce CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and B cells. Lacking supplement falls prompts less lively memory reaction to HSV-1. Antibodies against gD and the gH-gL complex are found to ensure against HSV-1 and are seen as cross receptive to different strains of HSV.Macrophages immerse viral proteins and cell particles from lysed cells and furthermore discharge cytokines preferring the T aide (Th) cell CD4+ reaction. CD8+ cytoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are delivered and they respond with epitopes showed on tainted cells, which are then focused for apoptosis. See figure 2. The IE protein ICP 27 contains intense CTL epitopes. The viability of gB to prompt a CTL reaction recommends gB is the immunodominant antigen of HSV-1. (2) Beneficial Modifications of Genes Associated with Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 and Relative Associated DiseasesOccasionally

Could You REALLY Pay Off this 3-Month Payday Loan in 3 Months

Could You REALLY Pay Off this 3-Month Payday Loan in 3 Months Could You REALLY Pay Off a 3-Month Payday Loan in 3 Months? Could You REALLY Pay Off a 3-Month Payday Loan in 3 Months?Sure, a longer payday loan means more time to pay the loan off, but it also means higher costsâ€"with no additional benefits.One of the biggest problems with payday loans is their incredibly short payment terms. With an average term of only two weeks, it can quite hard for most folks to pay the loan off on-time.But recently some payday lenders have  sought to offer payday loans with slightly longer terms, like three months. So are these a safer bet?Lets do some math.In order to figure out the cost of a three-month payday loan, youll need a loan calculator. Since we haven’t perfected our loan calculator technology yet, we used this one.Youll also have to know how much youre borrowing,  and its APR, or annual percentage rate. The APR measures how much a loan would cost you in fees and interest over the course of a full year. Its a standard measure that lets you make an apples to apples  cost comparison between loans.Many pay day loans have APRs as high as 400 percent (and some have APRS that are, gulp, way  higher). But for now, we’ll use 300 percent as our APR, and well use $1,000 for our loan amount.If you take out a $1,000 payday loan at a 300 percent  APR, you’ll need to pay back $1,536.90 at the end of three months.So, is that realistic? Maybe. Three months to pay back $1,536.90 works out to a rate of $128.08 a week. But while those numbers might  seem  reasonable, the reality is something altogether different.Paying off a 3-month payday loan in one lump sum is hard.When it comes to loans, longer payment terms are almost always better. Longer terms mean more manageable payments and more opportunities to improve your credit score by making said payments on time.And, hey, if youre able to pay the loan off early, thats great! Youll save money on interest.But with a three-month payday loan,  all these benefits might be totally absent. First off, there are the more manageable payments, which a payda y loan is unlikely to have.Unlike installment loans, which break your repayment up into a series of smaller payments, payday loans generally rely on lump-sum repayment, which means that you pay the loan off all at once.Studies have shown that people have a hard time paying their payday loans back on time, and lump sum repayment is a huge factor. Paying a loan off in small chunks is much easier for them than saving up the money to pay off the entire balance.In other words, saving up$1,536.90 over three months is a lot harder than only paying $128.08 once every week.You cant save you money by paying off a 3-month payday loan early.Next,  theres paying your loan off early to save interest. This wont work with most payday loans and cash advances, as their fees and interest are charged at a flat rate.  That means the interest doesnt accrue on your balance over-time. Instead, it is calculated up-front and immediately added to your repayment amount.When interest is being charged as a flat- rate, early repayment doesnt earn you any discounts or added bonuses. Well, okay, it  does  get you out debt, which is pretty nifty. But if youre going to take out a loan, you want one that can benefit your finances in the long-term.Even leaving out their sky-high interest rates, payday loans offer very little in way of long-term benefits.A 3-month payday loan wont help your credit.Lastly,  there are the opportunities to improve your credit score. Even if a payday lender  were to report your payments to the credit bureaus, paying the loan off in one payment would have a smaller positive effect on your score than paying it off in multiple installments.But thats pretty much a moot point, as payday lenders very rarely report any payment information at all. This is pretty standard for most no credit check loans and bad credit loans. (OppLoans, on the other hand,  does  report to credit bureaus.)Installment loans provide a better alternative.Since coming up with $1,500 all at once is too big an ask for most people, you’ll probably better off getting an installment loan. Thats a loan that lets you pay back your loan a little bit at a time in series of smaller, regularly scheduled paymentseach of which goes towards both the interest  and  the principal loan amount,Ideally, you want a  lender who performs a soft credit check and genuinely cares about your ability to repay the loan. Whilst this might sound funny, some predatory lenders out there rely on their customers being unable to pay their loan back on time.The more those customers roll their loan over and extend the payment terms, the more money these lenders stand to make. You want a lender  whose loans are designed to be paid off the first time, not the fifth.To learn more about the negative impacts of payday loans, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:5 Alarming Payday Loan StatisticsPayday Loan Rollover: How Short-Term Loans Turn Into Long-Term DebtWhat’s Worse: An Overdraft Fee or A Payday Loan?Do you think three-month payday loans are harder or easier to pay off than two-week loans? We want to hear about it!  You can  email us  or you can find us on  Facebook  and  Twitter.Visit OppLoans on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedIN

Managing Threats At St Peter s Home Essay - 1468 Words

Managing Threats to Data At St Peter’s we take many steps to ensure the safety of our data. To protect our computers from viruses we use up to date antivirus software. It is important that your antivirus software is up to date because ne viruses are always being made and discovered. When they find a new virus the antivirus software becomes programmed to protect your computer from them therefore the more you update your antivirus the more protected you are as your computer can protect you from more viruses. At St Peter’s our computers are updated as soon as new software is released. In order to ensure no important work is lost St Peter’s does a backup of the school server every hour. This data is then stored off site so then if an accident such as a fire were to occur at school our data would be protected and we would be able to recover our work. In order to stop our school logins from being hacked we have a unique username and password to access our information. We change this password every 4 weeks this is important because if somebody does find out your password they cannot use it for an extended period of time. At St Peter’s we have a backup generator so that if a power cut does occur we can still run the server. Another way to ensure your data is protected is by encrypting your important files, this allows you to put a password on them so that nobody else can access or alter them. File Types JPEG- Good for compressing detailed images without sacrificing quality. IsShow MoreRelatedMarks Spencer Case Study6101 Words   |  25 PagesPorters Five Forces Model................................................. Page 4 INTERNAL ANALYSIS 3.0 Auditing the Resources of MS.......................................... Page 5 4.0 Value Chain Analysis....................................................... Page 8 5.0 Analysing the Culture Stakeholders in 1998 ....................... Page 11 6.0 Evaluation of MS ´ Strategy............................................. Page 15 6.1 SWOT Analysis...............................................Read MoreSwot Analysis of Marks and Spencer During 1995-19996970 Words   |  28 Pagesfirst in its country of origin, the UK, and later internationally. However, the late 1990’s saw a reversal of fortune for this company. In this case study, we look at the relevant issues surrounding this decline and the initiative to turn this problem around. The topics that will be discussed include the business environment, resource and competence analysis, strategic leadership, culture, strategic options, managing change, and the future of Marks and Spencer. Business Environment The environment encapsulatesRead More Impacts Upon Skinclads Business in the Next Five Years Essay3898 Words   |  16 Pageslikely to impact upon Skinclad’s business over the next five years, reviews the internal factors, existing marketing mix and highlights possible problems areas. The Swot analysis lists the main strength of the business, its weakness and likely threats and opportunities the company may face in the future. Finally, the report identifies recommendations and possible options for improving production and the financial viability of Skinclad. MACRO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS PEST ANALYSIS A1 ARead MoreStrategic Management, Its Phases and Useful Concepts for the Formulation and Implementation of Value-Oriented Corporate Level Strategy6710 Words   |  27 PagesExternal Environment 19 A.2 PESTLE-Analysis 19 A.3 Porter’s Five Forces 20 A.4 Porter’s four corners analysis 21 A.5 Porter’s Value Chain 22 A.6 SWOT Analysis 22 A.7 BCG- Portfolio 23 A.8 McKinsey Co. 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Motivation And Motivation For Job Satisfaction And...

The meaning of motivation has been defined as follows: the psychological process that gives behavior purpose and direction (Kreitner, 1995); the internal drive to satisfy an unsatisfied need (Higgins, 1994); the will to achieve (Bedeian, 1993); and an inclination to act in a purposive manner to achieve specific needs (Buford, Bedeian, Linder, 1995). What motivates people can vary from person to person. For example, one person may be motivated by monetary rewards or extrinsic factors, while others are motivated by recognition and achievement or intrinsic factors (Linder, 1998). Motivation plays a vital role in an agency’s management. The key factor is to identify the method of each employee’s motivation and work on that to increase job satisfaction and decrease job burnout. A successful leader will need to understand different motivational theories and must be able to determine which strategy or combination of strategies works best to motivate each member of their t eam. The Problem Currently, the partial hospitalization program is experiencing difficulties with staff motivation, morale, and performance which in turn are having a negative effect on clinical outcomes. The Director has started taking steps toward improving certain aspects of the program, but her methodology is not well thought out or planned. In an effort to provide guidance to the Director, this paper will evaluate the current motivational approaches being used along with developing a motivationalShow MoreRelatedEmployee Perception Of The Job Requirements At Social Service Agencies1386 Words   |  6 Pagesservice agencies. This means that community demands are increasing and workers take on more client’s, deadlines, and increased accountability. This study seeks to explore employee perception of the job requirements at social service agencies in regards to the demands, organizational support and satisfaction. 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Midterm Assessment Analysing T-accounts Balance Sheet and Profit

Essays on Midterm Assessment: Analysing T-accounts Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Account for a small US company Essay Running Head: Analyzing Financial ments of a small US company ANALYSING T-ACCOUNTS BALANCE SHEET PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT FOR A SMALL US COMPANY Customer Inserts His / Her Name Customer Inserts Grade Course Customer Inserts Tutor’s Name Assignment Part 1 - Requirements The accounting entries for each of the events, which took place within a small distribution company, have been accounted for under various relevant T accounts in Exhibit 1.1 in attached Excel sheet. Assignment Part 2 - Requirements Vertical analysis of financial statements of a Company For business purposes and to clarify the better financial position and performance of a Company, vertical analysis of financial statements of enterprises is performed in order enlighten various financial analysis and comparative outlook of a Company financial standing and result. Vertical analysis is basically the display of every line items of financial statements as a percentage or rate of gross revenues, which exactly tells that where are each penny of Company’s earned revenue is utilizing and what is its overall flow of expenditures towards attaining the final net profit for the Company (Netplaces.com, 2014). In addition, same analysis is performed with respect to balance sheet of Company as well. The vertical analysis of Profit and Loss statement and Balance sheet of a Company has been performed in Exhibit 1.2 of excel file attached. Horizontal analysis of financial statements of a Company On the other hand, the major aspect and intention behind performing and developing a horizontal analysis on any Company’ s financial statements, is to analyze and critically evaluates the figure work incorporated in such statements from one financial year to another one (Berry, 2011). This analysis is basically termed as the trend analysis in typical accounting literature, and it would clearly points out the recent trends with which a particular line item of financial statements of a company is affected with. Moreover, the horizontal analysis of Profit and Loss statement and Balance sheet of a Company has been performed in Exhibit 1.3 of excel file attached. Cash flow Statement of Company A cash flow statement of Company is prepared with the help of the financial statements of Company in Exhibit 1.4 of attached excel file. Brief Analysis on financial performance of Company A Dupont  model is used here to analyze the financial performance of Company, particular to its current year financial results accruing and forming several heads and classification of overall revenue figure that company has earned in 2013. This model successfully demonstrates the overall company performance in terms of, where its ultimate return on equity is developing from. Moreover, the prime strength of Dupont models of financial evaluation is typical means through which, it takes an indirect consideration over the broad scale of financial information to determine and analyze the ultimate outcomes which it provides on clear basis   (Guidotti, 2013). For instance, with the help of following figure, asset turnover percentage input, is indirectly flowing some great extent of informational data with regard to different facets and breakups of overall financial analysis, including line items of balance sheet, profit and loss statement, and their overall interlocking interactions. Source:  (Guidotti, 2013) However, when implementing and analyzing the financial data of the company in question, it would be much appropriate and feasible to accurately divide the overall financial performance of a company under its ultimate net of return on equity basis. Although, a core structure of such model would be quite different from one company performances to another, but, as far as our company is concerned this model would certainly depict a unique and clear mode of financial outcomes analysis with regard to company’s current and past financial performances. Key Findings The overall analysis performed and calculations made and demonstration of various set of financial techniques implicated in order to meet and critically evaluated varied financial standings and outcomes of a Company, following are some key findings as a result of this analytical report; On the basis of vertical analysis, the income statement of a company can be clearly viewed from the overall proportion or percentage of gross revenue as a product of other line item of presented in such statement. Moreover, such analysis also enabled the presentation of balance sheet framework in a more congenial manner as well, and it is due to each line item of assets and liabilities and share holders equity can be truly represented as the percentage of assets and liabilities and equity in particular. This would highly facilitate the users of financial statements as they would not need to indulge themselves in analyzing diversified and head aching figures work and terms. Moreover, horizontal analysis depicts the change in figure and proportional means of such figures, of comparative years of financial information for two years and more. With regard to company analyzed, a considerable fluctuated line items under our analysis includes the transformation of company from profit earning entity to loss generating company from 2012 to 2013, which is proportionally accruing the net change of 1300%. In addition, due to this substantial change, an overall fluctuating picture has been presented by the profit and loss statement of a company analyzed with horizontal techniques. As far as balance sheet is considered, a horizontal analysis strongly depicts and highlights two major line items in 2013 which have been significantly varied as compare to last year financial scenarios. This includes the major fall in accumulated account receivables and a rise in share capital structure of a company. However, cash flow analysis of Company provides a positive inflow of cash resources towards the company during the year, which is mainly due to the reasons of payment received from debtors, receipt of cash from banks in form of loans and accounting for non cash items from the profitability of company, including depreciation, amortization and doubtful debts expenses. REFERENCES Netplaces.com, (2014).  Vertical and Horizontal Analysis - Accounting. [online] Available at: http://www.netplaces.com/accounting/the-best-use-of-your-financial-statements/vertical-and-horizontal-analysis.htm [Accessed 19 Aug. 2014]. Berry, L. (2011).  Financial accounting demystified. 1st ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Guidotti, D. (2013).  Strengths and Shortfalls of Dupont Analysis. [online] PFhub - Business, Financial Economic News. Available at: http://www.pfhub.com/strengths-and-shortfalls-of-dupont-analysis/ [Accessed 19 Aug. 2014].

Beowulf Essay Introduction Example For Students

Beowulf Essay Introduction The strength of his rational mind is not diminishing the pains of his emotions. On thecontrary, the speaker is losing his sanity as time progresses. In the past, perhaps, thespeakers rational thought processes allowed him to cope with failed romances. However,in the presence of this love for his dark mistress, all his logical mental abilities areoverpowered. His rational mind, which he depends on for truth and sanity, has left him inthe face of love. The torment of love has made it impossible for the speaker to maketruthful, objective observations about his world (Companion to 43). In this poem,Shakespeare claims that it is love, not reason, that shapes ones perception of the world,for ones mind, the ideal and rational judgment-maker, is subject to and overwhelmed bythe whims of emotion (Companion to 44). At the beginning of Sonnet 147, the speakerslove is described as a fever, but as the sonnet continues, the effects of love intensify. Towards the end of the poem, love has completely overwhelmed his mind, inducing him tobecome frantic-mad (Line 10). He continues, My thoughts and my discourse as madmens are, /At random from the truth vainly expressed (Lines 10 and 11). The languageShakespeare chooses further emphasizes the crazed effect love has had on the speakersmind (Rowse, A Biography 72). The word discourse, for instance, derives from Latin,meaning to run about. The use of this word creates a clear image of a mad man runningwild and uncontrolled. This love not only makes him go insane, it also blinds him from thetruth (Rowse, A Biography, 74). He says, For I have sworn thee fair and thought theebright, /Who art as black as hell, as dark as night (Lines 13 and 14) . The speakerslogical mind knows that his woman is evil, yet his love for her blinds him and he sees heras beautiful. Love, then, is, for Shakespeare, a force that operates within several differentcontexts. As such, love has a multi-faceted definition, which yields to a multi-facetedidentity. Shakespeare defines love in three different ways. First, love can be seen as an internal force fighting against other internal forces, as we seein Sonnet 147, where the speakers inner turmoil stems from the battle of his love againsthis reason within himself. Second, Shakespeare epics love as an internal force whichbattles external forces, such as social pressures. Finally, Shakespeare portrays love on aneven larger scale, where Love is an external power that, independent of any individual,struggles against and then defeats Time, another external entity (Booth 14). Clearly, iflove is an overwhelming, forceful entity that defeats time, death, social pressures, andreason, then love is no longer simply an internalized emotion; it is also an externalizedpower which can exist independent of human beings (Booth 22). Sonnet 147 deals withlove as an internal agony where there is no mention of outside forces at play. This is apersonal poem where Shak espeare uses the metaphor of disease and illness to representthe obsessive love which has taken over his speakers senses (The Works 119) . Thespeaker describes an internal battle where his mind is being devoured by his crazedsickness, love. Both his love and his reason though, are internalized, sparring forces. Incontrast to poem 147, Sonnet 130 describes the experiences of a mans struggle againstexternal, social factors, such as his cultures romantic ideal for ones beloved. Here, thespeakers love is an internal force which overcomes external factors, as the speaker useslove as a justification for his adoring relationship with a woman (The Works 134). InSonnet 116, Shakespeare goes one step further, and depicts two external forces, Love and